Oil-burning process



Jan. 7, 1930. c. v. STUART 1,743,051

OIL BURNING PROCESS Filed April 18, 1922 3 Sheets-Sheet l lllbrlv 7 a hv .|\\.\AMWM 7, m Now M MQMOMQ E WM New Now M @MQMMMMMQ H W. MomQMQMQMOMAM VMQMOM Mom MM 7 f @MQMOM MQMQM M H W y 6 @MQMQMQMQMOMQ M Qmomomomomv a L MON MOMAVMAVMM M4]! @MMMMOMOMQ m Now MOMQMOMQ J v m Mmomom MOMQ q M r l z ATTORNEY Jan. 7, 1930. Q v STUART 1,743,051

OIL BURNING PROCESS Filed April 18. 1922 s Sheets-sheaf 2 WITNESS:

INVENTOR ATTORNEY Jan. 1930. v c. v. STUART 1,743,051

OIL BURNING PROCESS I Filed April 18. 1922 5 Sheets-Sheet 3 nun;

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INVENTOR wrmzssss ATTORNEY Patented Jan. 7, 1930 UNITED STATES PATENTOFFICE OKLAHOMA OIL-BURNING PROCESS Application filed April 18,

The present invention relates to an oil burning process. One object ofthe invention is to provide a method of burning oils such as kerosene,solar oil and the like in which there is no deposition of carbon orsoot, such burning being efiected without a Wick and the process beingcontinuous and being completely controllable.

A further object is to provide a method of burning oils of the classreferred to, in which the maximum amount of available heat is producedand reflected.

A further object is the provision of a means in which the effects abovestated can readily be produced. In order to make this invention clear toanyone skilled in the art I have shown certain illustrative figures asfollows.

Figure 1 is a front view of an entire stove for this process.

Figure 2 is a plan section on the line 2-2 of Figure 1.

Figure 3 is a rear view partially in section of the lower portion ofsaid stove showing particularly the vapor generator, its controllingmeans and the vapor conductor.

Figure 4 is a plan view of the parts shown in Figure 3, the upper casingbeing not shown and the generator, vapor conductor, etc., being shown inplan view.

Figure 5 shows a vertical section of the vaporizer element employed.

Figure 6 is a vertical section of the entire stove. V

Figure 7 is a vertical section on the line 7-7 of Figure 1. Figure 8 isa perspective view of one of the clinkers on a larger scale, this viewshowing the rear face and one of the side faces of one of the clinkers.

It will be obvious to those skilled in the art that the stove may be ofany desired shape, and the form shown is a simple structure particularlyadapted to the practice of this invention.

11 is a suitable base supporting a fire clay or brick back 12 adapted toserve as a heat reflector. In front of this back are clinkers 13 restingupon a perforated plate 14, the perforations in said plate being alignedwith the hollow interior of the clinkers 13.

Located below the plate 13 is the vapor 1922. Serial No. 554,356.

generator, which is indicated as a whole in Figure 6 by the numera-ls'50and 51.

Kerosene, solar oil or the like is fed in through small tubes 16, to thefirst vaporizer element 17, shown in vertical section in Figure 5.

This vaporizer element consists of a tubular shell 18, which may ifdesired be constructed of brass, having a fibrous filling material, suchas loose wooly asbestos 19. This may be held in place by wire gauze capsand 21 located near the end of said element.

At 22 the element 17 is cut around the outside, forming externalshoulders near the end thereof.

A screw nut 23 is constructed with a groove into which the shoulderedportion 22 fits, said screw nut having a threaded projection 24 whichscrews into internal threads within the said end of the element 18. Theouter end of the screw thread 23 consists of a projection 25 threadedexternally for attachment to the tube or pipe 16 through which the oilis introduced.

At the other end of the element 17 a nut 26 is provided having aprojection 27 threaded into the tube 18 similarly to the mannerdescribed for element 23. The outer end of this nut is a projection 28shaped somewhat as a nozzle as shown in Figure 5. Through the said nut26 is a hole 29 which may be tapered as shown, and which terminates atthe outer end in a hole of very small diameter, for example, .01 to .03inches.

The element 18 is heated somewhat during the operation by small pilotflames carried on the shoulders 31, or in any other suitable manner. p

The end 28 of the nut 26 projects'into a casing 33 which is providedwith an air inlet 34 in one side thereof. Opposite the said end 28 incasing 33 is a pipe 35 which is longi tudinally adjusted by means of arod or stiff wire 36 extending externally of the stove and having asuitable handle 37.

i The element 35 is thus longitudinally slidable in a pipe slightlylarger in diameter. A slot 38 in the pipe 35 and a pin 39 in theslightly larger pipe 40 limits the movement of the element 35.

Attached to the outer end of the pipe 40 is an elbow 41 which isfastened by means of screws 42 and plate 43 to the side of the conduit44, which acts as a vapor distributor to the burner tips 45.

Attached to the element .4llis likewise a pipe 46 and a valve 47 forlighting gas, gasoline or carbonated air for use in starting the stoveand initially heating up the clinkers.

The vapor distributing shoulders or conduit 44 may be composed of twoparts, a'portion 50 which is rectangular in cross section and anextension 51 which is rounded'at the bottom and of less depth. This ismerely for the purpose of economizing metal in casting this element. Apart 15 is also cast integrally therewith, which is about. one-third thelength of the portion 44. A part of this element 15 as seen in Figure 7extends to the left of 50 and 51, forming a shelf which carries theshoulders 31 for heating the element It will be seen in Figure 7 thatthe plate 14 is raised above the distributor 44, and a loosely fittingwasher may be placed between the said two elements in order to allowconsiderable air to enter with the gas into the tions aid in holding thelower ends clinkers in their respective places. The holclinkers 13 inwhich combustion is effected.

As is clearly seen in Figure 6, the plate 14 has projections 56, thepoints 57 of which are raised some distance above the surface of thisplate, but the base of which is substantially flush with the plate.These prfojehc- 'o t e low interior portion of the clinkers are over theholes 59 in the said plate 14.

The clinkers 13 maybe further held in place and prevented from fallingforward by a rod 60 which runs across the front of the stove from oneside wall 61 to the other Side wall 62.

" ly against each other.

The fire clay backing 12 prevents the clinkers from falling backwards,the clinkers practicallyresting against this fire clay backing. It isunderstood that the external surface of the clinkers is roughenedand'they do not rest tight against the backing but are spaced somewhattherefrom. The side walls of the clinkersare also somewhat roughened sothat these clinkers do not tend to fit snug- The front. of theclinkers-is composed of open work having large holes 63, the narrow barsof material across the front being numbered .64; The

upper portion of the front of the clinkers 'taper away as shown at 65 inFigure 8, these upper ends'being imperforate. On the sides the clinkersare provided with small holes 66 and on the back they are likewiseprovided with small holes 67, theselatter being preferably in the formof vertical slots as shown in Figure 8.

'On the interior of these clinkers are provided projections 69 from thesides and pro jections 70 from the backs. Preferably there 7 cornerplates 7 4 which connect to the top and sides of the casing 73. Theplate 14 is preferably attached to theends of the base 11 by screws 80,as seen in Figure 3. It is also attached to the. back of the base byscrews 81, as may be seen in Figure 7 Said plate 14 may be provided withholes 82 through which screws may pass into the screw threaded holes 83and the topof the distributor 44 for supporting the distributor andholding it secure.

The part 15 is preferably integral with the part 50. The vaporizerthrough a hole in the end of the base 11. The plate 44 carries aslightly raised portion 84 which'is bounded by the lines 85 in Figure 6.

18 may project In order to supply air insuficient quantities to theburner tips the distributor element 44 is preferably slightly, separatedfrom the plate 14, for example by washers vapor and air is firstintroduced through pipe 46 by way of valve 47 andthe burners are lightedfor example by inserting lighted matches into the lower end of theelements 13 through the large hole 63 therein. The small burners 31 arelikewise lighted to heat up the element 18. V i

When the element 18 and the elements 13 are sufiiciently heated thevalve 90 in the pipe 16 is opened and the kerosene or similar oil isintroduced into the vaporizer 17. This vaporizer element 17 ashereinbefore stated has a'shell 18 containing suitable filling material;This shell 18 and the filling'material therein have been heated by theburners 31 to such a temperature that part of the oil, such as kerosene,solar oil or the like, is, vaporized. A large part of the oil, kerosene,or

the like, is not vaporized. 50 to 76% of the oil introduced remainsliquid.

This mixture of vapor and liquid passes into hole 29 of the element 26and from there through the small hole 30. Out of this small hole 30 thevapor and'liquid emerge in a sort of mistor spray, pass through aportion of in the bottom of the element 33 and the mixture of air, oilvapor and fine particles of oil passes into the tube 40 around the elbow41 and thus to the burners.

In order that the small particles of liquid will not separate out fromthe gas consisting of air and the oil vapor the entire length of thedistributor A l should not ordinarily be more than three or four feet.

After the operation of the vaporizing system has been successfullystarted the valve 47 may then be closed and the burners 31 will thencontinue to maintain the casing 18 and its contents at such atemperature as will vaporize only a portion of the oil passingtherethrough.

At this low temperature there will be almost no cracking of the liquidburned and consequently there will be no appreciable deposition ofcarbon within this element or within the distributing system.

The elements 13 will likewise suffer no deposition of carbon as thesewill be maintained by the heat of the flame in a condition ofincandescence and in the presence of an excess of air the carbon will becompletely consumed.

The projections 69 and 70 as shown in Figure 2 serve to further break upany liquid particles which may remain in the fuel as introduced theretothrough the burner tips 45. These elements 13 thus serve to complete thevaporization of the fuel.

The fuel oil coming to the element 17 which constitutes an lnitialvaporizer may be supplied under pressure by bringing the oil to it froman elevated tank or from a pump. The amount of pressure can varyconsiderably but a pressure equivalent to a head of 8 to 10 feet willordinarily be sufficient.

The fuel used in any particular instance will depend upon the localconditions. asoline may be employed, but it is usually preferable toemploy an oil containing considerable fractions whose boiling point ishigher than the initial boiling point of kerosene. Kerosene or solar oilare recommended as the fuel. Mixtures of these oils or mixtures withgasoline may sometimes be advantageously used.

In all cases the temperature of the element 17 should be maintainedsomewhat above the initial boiling point of the oil used butsubstantially below the end boiling point of such oil.

If desired the temperature of the element 17 may be so maintained thatabout one-third ,of the oil fed in will be vaporized therein;

As before indicated the elements 13 are so placed in relation to theburners 45 that air may be drawn in through the long slit provided bythe spacing of the elements caused by the washers 86, and this willmingle with the burning gases.

It is to be understood that I do not wish to be limited by the detailsof the disclosure except as limited by the appended claims.

Iclaim:

1. A process of burning hydrocarbon oil which comprises directing a finestream of said oil upon a foraminous material, maintained at such atemperature as to vaporize a portion of said oil, producing a mixture ofthe unvaporized oil and the vapor wherein the unvaporized oil is finelydivided and is dispersed in the vapor, mixing this dispersion of oil inoil vapor with a regulated quantity of air, delivering this dispersionof oil particles in oil vapor and air to a burner, mixing a furtherquantity of air with this dispersion in said burner and burning thisfinal mixture as a substantially non-luminous flame in the presence ofan excess of air.

2. A process as in claim 1 wherein a portion of the dispersion of oilparticles in oil vapor and air is burned in proximity to the foraminousmaterial upon which the initial stream of oil is directed, in such amanner as to maintain said foraminous material at the desiredtemperature.

3. A process of burning hydrocarbon oil which comprises directing a finestream of said oil upon a foraminous material, which is maintained at atemperature sufiiciently high to vaporize a portion not exceeding 50% ofsaid oil, passing the unvaporized oil and the vapor through a smallorifice to produce a dispersion of small particles of oil in said vapor,producing this dispersion in a mixing chamber to which aregulatedquantity of air is admitted, directing this mixture containingliquid particles, oil vapor and air to burners, burning this mixture inproximity to substantially incandescent refractory surfaces inthe'presence of an excess of air.

4. A process of burning hydrocarbon oil, said oil having initial and endboiling points intermediate those of gasoline, kerosene and solar oil,said oil containing fractions above the initial boiling point ofkerosene, which comprises; stream of said oil upon a foraminous materialmaintained at a temperature, slightly above the initial boiling point ofsaid oil, but far below the end boiling point of said oil, therebyproducing a flowing mixtureof oil vapor and oil particles, directingsaid flowing mixture through a small orifice into a regulated stream ofair, distributing the resultant air vapor mixture containing liquidparticles dispersed therein to burners, and burning the same in contactwith substantially incandescent refractory surfaces as non-luminousflames, while allowing free access of air to said flames.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature.

STUART.

continuously directing a fine

